Sea plane
Sea planes are the type of planes which can both take off from water and from land. In general, there are two categories of sea planes. One is boat plane and the other type is float plane. Sea planes were used since the beginning of 20 th century. The first launched sea plane took place in the year 1905. Since then, all types of sea planes are used throughout the world for a wide variety of functions and purposes.

Float plane:
It is one particular type of sea plane. Just like the sea plane, it can take off from land as well as water surface. These planes are attached with special types of floats or pontoons. These extra fittings allow them to float on water. Because of the attachment – pontoon, these planes are also called pontoon planes. These planes are in use since World War I. They were used to carry goods to safety islands for medics and food supplies.

Flying Boats:
These planes use pontoons attached to the fuselage to enable them to float on water. The use of huge hull provides buoyant force to float on water against gravity. The use of hull provides huge surface area, thus it can handle severe weather conditions such as high waves and tides during take-off and landing.
These boats are used for rescue mission, civilian and military purposes.

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Dorneir Do X: it entered the flying boat service in the year 1931. It is made of powerful 12-engine with a massive wing span of 147.5 ft. it weighs over 123,000 pounds and is recorded as the largest aircraft ever built till date. It is featured with three decks, waiting rooms, lounge, kitchen, dinning room, sleeping quarters, bar, smoking and writing rooms.

Marchetti S.55: it is notable for its unconventional aero design, with a twin-hull, cockpit layout and twin powerful engines that are attached back to back. This flying boat has set 14 records for its amazing speed, distance and height.

Navy Curtiss NC: It is a water based plane, consists of biplane wing, tail and engines that are attached over a strong, light weighted speedboat hull. This plane is powered by 4 engines and can reach up to 85 miles per hour.

Canadair CL-215: Its amphibious design helps the pilot to operate it from land or water. It is powered by two 2100HP Pratt and Whitney Piston Engines. The main purpose of this aircraft is to deliver water bombs and to fight forest fires. The plane is capable to carry 1200 gallons of water and can deliver 140000 gallons of water on forest fires. The aircraft was famous in Canada, France, and Spain areas.

Consolidated PBY Catalina: These planes were used for sea patrols. This includes anti – submarine missions, reconnaissance and for rescue missions. A very few catalane planes are in operation around the world in the form of water bombers.

Seaplanes take off and touch down only when there are no waves or they are very small and, like any other aircraft, bad weather poses constraints. The size of the waves withwhich a particular model can ditch the aircraft depends on the size and characteristics.Float seaplanes are more limited than those of old, which are generally more stable inwater than the former.

The maritime rescue organizations often use seaplanes, as well the same aircraft cansearch and rescue. Fuel consumption, seaplanes are more efficient than helicopters,and also, if time permits, they can ditch if they run out of fuel or an emergency on board.However, the versatility and flexibility of the helicopter has been assumed that it takesthe role of search and rescue (SAR). One example is the case in Japan, where themodel ”Shin Meiwa SS-1/-2″ was replaced by helicopters, as does the U.S. Coast Guard years.

They are used in remote areas like Alaska and Canada, especially where there are many lakes and estuaries can take off and landing so easily without having to enabletracks. Operate as charter flights as regular services.

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Although not match the dictionary definition, the concept extends to all fixed-wing aircraftcapable of using surface water as a runway or descent, thus including amphibious planes, when they have wheels and floats.

There are several types of seaplane: those floats instead of wheels and those in whichthe body plays a helmet.

• The former are known as Hidroflot, as they use a float instead of a conventional landing gear and do not actually touch the water with the fuselage. They are usually conversionsof conventional models. Usually carry two floats, although some seaplanes of such World War II had a large float under the fuselage and two small floats under the wings.
• The latter are known as hidrocanoas. Buoyancy is provided by the fuselage, which is shaped like a boat hull and a smaller floats on the wings that provide stability.

While the terms and Hidroflot hidrocanoa are more specific, both types are more commonly known as a floatplane, a term that encompasses the above. An amphibious aircraft can take off and land from both the water and from conventionalrunways, while a pure seaplane can only be done from the water. There are amphibiansof the two previous types, as well as hybrid

designs (eg. seaplane with retractablefloats.) However, most seaplanes are built today are amphibians and traditional design.

To calculate the volume of a float using the V = 1.75 P (“V “ is volume in m³ and ”P” thatsupports the weight in tonnes).

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